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Integrated advances and emerging strategies for the control of avian coccidiosis: A comprehensive review
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M. Roudaki   , M. Nikzad |
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Abstract: (26 Views) |
| Avian coccidiosis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, remains one of the most economically important diseases in poultry, particularly chickens, with profound impacts on global food security. The disease leads to reduced growth performance, poor feed conversion, increased mortality, and substantial treatment costs. While clinical outbreaks are easily identified, subclinical infections—responsible for nearly 70% of the total economic losses—often remain undetected, causing chronic productivity decline. This review provides an integrated perspective on the epidemiology, economic burden, host–parasite interactions, diagnostic advances, and control measures against avian coccidiosis. Seven classical Eimeria species (E. tenella, E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. brunetti, E. mitis, and E. praecox) along with three cryptic Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) exhibit species-specific pathogenicity and intestinal tropism. Globally, the disease has a pooled prevalence of ~44%, with higher incidence in warm and humid regions, and causes annual losses exceeding £10 billion. Although anticoccidial drugs remain the cornerstone of control, resistance is widespread, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. Promising strategies include phytogenic compounds, probiotics, and a new generation of vaccines—ranging from live attenuated and subunit formulations to vector-based platforms—though challenges in cost, production, and efficacy remain. Molecular diagnostics (PCR, qPCR, NGS) are increasingly valuable for species-level identification and epidemiological monitoring. Ultimately, an integrated control strategy that combines advanced diagnostics, effective vaccination, and novel therapeutics is essential for mitigating the burden of coccidiosis and ensuring sustainable poultry production. This review also identifies critical knowledge gaps and research priorities needed to develop innovative solutions for long-term control. |
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| Keywords: Coccidiosis, Eimeria spp., Poultry, Control |
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Full-Text [PDF 784 kb]
(15 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/08/13
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