|
Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy and Stress Responses Following Intraperitoneal Administration of Bupivacaine, Tramadol, and Their Combination in Dogs Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy
|
R. Karami   , L. Derakhshan , S.Z. Peighambarzadeh , S.O. Ghasemian * |
| 2. *.Department of Veterinary Medicine, Be.C., Islamic Azad University, Behbahan, Iran & 2. *.Department of Veterinary Medicine, Be.C., Islamic Azad University, Behbahan, Iran |
|
|
Abstract: (21 Views) |
Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is associated with substantial visceral and somatic pain that can trigger significant physiological stress responses. This study evaluated and compared the analgesic efficacy and biochemical changes following intraperitoneal administration of bupivacaine, tramadol, and their combination in dogs undergoing OHE. In this experimental study, 18 adult female dogs were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 6 per group): Group B (0.5% bupivacaine, 2 mg/kg), Group T (tramadol, 4 mg/kg), and Group BT (combination of both agents). Drugs were administered intraperitoneally using the splash technique immediately before abdominal closure. Biochemical variables (cortisol, glucose, lipid profile, urea, and creatinine), estrogen concentrations, physiological parameters, and pain scores were evaluated before surgery and up to 24 hours postoperatively using the Simple Descriptive Scale (SDS), Sammarco Pain Scale, University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS), and Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale–Short Form (CMPS-SF). Group BT demonstrated the most stable physiological parameters and the smallest increase in plasma cortisol concentrations during the first 1–6 hours after surgery (p < 0.05). Pain scores obtained using all assessment scales, particularly CMPS-SF and UMPS, were significantly lower in Group BT than in Groups B and T (p < 0.05). The need for rescue analgesia was markedly reduced in Group BT compared with the monotherapy groups. Although recovery time was longer in the combination group, renal function markers and other safety parameters remained within normal physiological limits.
Conclusion: Intraperitoneal administration of combined bupivacaine and tramadol provided superior postoperative analgesia and more effective attenuation of stress-related metabolic responses than either drug alone. This multimodal analgesic approach appears to be a safe and effective strategy for improving postoperative pain management and welfare in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. |
|
| Keywords: Bupivacaine, Tramadol, Intraperitoneal analgesia, Ovariohysterectomy, Dogs, Postoperative pain |
|
|
Full-Text [PDF 389 kb]
(9 Downloads)
|
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2026/06/21 | Published: 2027/01/30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Send email to the article author |
|
|
|
| Add your comments about this article |
|
|
|
