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Review Article: Aeromonas veronii as an emerging pathogen of squatic snimals: Ecology, genomics, virulence, host–pathogen interactions, antimicrobial resistance, and sustainable control strategies
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S. Snehan *   |
| PG and Research Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak College, Guru Nanak Salai |
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Abstract: (14 Views) |
| Aeromonas veronii is a Gram-negative, motile bacterium widely distributed in aquatic environments and increasingly recognized as an important pathogen of freshwater fish and an opportunistic pathogen of humans. In aquaculture, infections caused by A. veronii are associated with septicaemia, ulcerative lesions, systemic disease, and mortality, particularly under intensive culture conditions and environmental stress. Its pathogenicity is multifactorial and involves a diverse range of mechanisms, including adhesion, motility, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, iron acquisition, secretion systems, toxin production, and modulation of host immune responses. Advances in genomic research have revealed substantial genetic diversity within A. veronii, with variation in virulence-associated traits and antimicrobial-resistance determinants among isolates from different hosts and geographical regions. Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing concern, particularly in aquaculture systems where antimicrobial use may promote the selection and dissemination of resistant strains. The persistence of A. veronii in aquatic environments, its capacity to acquire adaptive traits, and its ability to infect diverse hosts further increase its epidemiological and veterinary significance. Accurate identification is essential because phenotypic characteristics may overlap among closely related Aeromonas species, highlighting the importance of molecular and genomic approaches for reliable characterization. This review provides an integrated overview of the ecology, epidemiology, taxonomy, genomic characteristics, virulence mechanisms, host–pathogen interactions, disease manifestations, antimicrobial resistance, molecular diagnostics, and current control strategies associated with A. veronii. Particular attention is given to emerging and sustainable approaches, including vaccination, probiotics, immunostimulants, bacteriophages, phytochemicals, functional feeds, anti-biofilm strategies, and anti-virulence interventions. The review further examines the implications of A. veronii from a One Health perspective and identifies key knowledge gaps and research priorities for improved disease surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and sustainable management of infections in aquaculture. |
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| Keywords: Aeromonas veronii, aquaculture, aquatic animal health, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, genomics, host–pathogen interactions, molecular diagnostics, sustainable disease control, One Health |
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Full-Text [PDF 1336 kb]
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Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
General
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