Intraocular pressure using rebound tonometry in the Galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) 2 2 The Galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) is the world’s only marine lizard and is capable of swimming and diving to depths of several meters to forage for food. Thus, the physiology of this species must accommodate both terrestrial and underwater environments. Until now, no studies have evaluated ocular health parameters in this species. Free-ranging Galápagos marine iguanas (n=26) were captured in the field. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using rebound tonometry at the beginning and end of the handling period. Tear production was measured using Schirmer tear test (STT) and endodontic absorbent paper point test (EPPT). Baseline physiologic parameters including heart rate and body temperature, as well as morphometric parameters (body weight, total length, snout vent length, hemipene sulcus length), and baseline blood parameters (packed cell volume, total protein, lactate) were evaluated. The mean IOP was 9.4 mm Hg (SD±1.4) and is comparable to other terrestrial iguanid species. Mean STT was 4.1 mm/minute and EPPT was 11.1 mm/minute. The IOP did not vary with snout vent length, total weight, hemipene sulcus length, or between the right and left eye. The IOP was higher at the beginning of handling compared to the end of handling, likely due to immediate stress associated with capture. The IOP did not vary with packed cell volume (PCV), total protein (TP), or lactate. These results represent a first step toward establishing a baseline for ocular health parameters in marine iguanas. 1 11 2022/12/26 1401/10/5 2023/03/1 1401/12/10 J.E. Christman J.E. Christman K.J. Lohmann K.J. Lohmann M. Hirschfeld M. Hirschfeld J.P. Muñoz-Pérez J.P. Muñoz-Pérez J. Garcia J. Garcia J.A. Hernandez J.A. Hernandez H. Westermeyer H. Westermeyer G.A. Lewbart G.A. Lewbart Intraocular pressure Galápagos marine iguana Amblyrhynchus cristatus ophthalmology rebound tonometry tear production ## ##

Determination of trace metals in some organs of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) fish and histopathological change in the Babil drainage network, Iraq 2 2 This study was conducted to estimate the differences in the accumulation of heavy metals (titanium, barium, lithium) among the body organ of the Carassius carassius fish (liver, gills, kidneys). caught from the Babil drainage network collected on January 10, 2022, at a rate of 30 samples fish are found in abundance in the drainage network due to the Brackish water's high salinity compared to river water, and the fish were of an average length (10-12) cm. The results showed that the concentrations of barium were highest in the gills, followed by its content in the liver and then the kidney in the same context, the concentration of titanium in the kidney was the lowest, and it had no significant difference from its content in the liver, although there was a numerical difference between them, and the highest concentration of titanium was in the gills reaching (33.7, 41.33, 135) ppm, respectively. On the other hand, the highest concentration of lithium was in the kidney, then gills, and liver, respectively, which had no significant difference between them. The gills damaged lesion was characterized by showing congestion of central venous sinus vessels and extensive sloughing of primary and secondary lamellae, with inflammatory cells infiltrations The macroscopic examination for kidney showed the atrophy of glomerular tufts and infiltration of melanomacrophages also excessive enlargement of thyroid follicles that filled with colloid materials .Results of microscopically examination of a kidney showing marked depletion of hemopoietic tissues which shows a histological section of the liver of wild Carassius carassius during the study period, showed the necrosis with extensive mononuclear cells infiltration. 13 21 2022/12/262022/12/26 1401/10/5 2023/03/12023/03/1 1401/12/10 G.A.A. Alneamah G.A.A. Alneamah S.S. Alshkarchy S.S. Alshkarchy S.M. Al-Haider S.M. Al-Haider Carassius carassius Babil drainage network Crucian carp Barium (Ba) Lithium (Li) Titanium (Ti) Heavy metal ## ##

Macroscopical and microscopical findings of polycystic kidney disease in a cat 2 2 Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (AD-PKD) is a genetic feline disease characterized by fluid-filled cysts formation in one or both kidneys. Persians and Persian-related cats can be affected. A five-year-old male Persian cat weighing 6.5 kg with severe bilateral abdominal swelling was referred to the Clinic. Radiography and ultrasonography were performed. Finally, the cat was euthanized due to the severity of clinical signs, and necropsy was performed. Histopathologically, cystic structures filled with eosinophilic material lined by cuboidal or squamous epithelium were seen. Based on ultrasonographic images, clinical, radiological and histopathological findings, this disease was diagnosed polycystic kidney disease. 23 28 2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/14 1401/9/23 2023/03/12023/03/12023/03/1 1401/12/10 S. Shokrpoor S. Shokrpoor Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Shokrpoor@ut.ac.ir N. Ebrahimi Toori N. Ebrahimi Toori Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran shokrpoor@ut.ac.ir N. Torjani N. Torjani Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran s.shokrpoor@gmail.com M. Jarideh M. Jarideh Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran s.shokrpoor@gmail.com Cat Necropsy Pathology PKD ## ##

Application of nanotechnology in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the fish diseases 2 2 The occurrence of the disease is one of the main threats to the intensive aquaculture system. With the development of the aquaculture industry, it is expected that the fish will encounter various infectious and non-infectious diseases. In addition to treatment costs, the use of antibiotics in the control of infectious diseases can also cause resistance in bacteria. Therefore, today, the use of additives such as vitamin and mineral supplements, probiotics, prebiotics, and various nanoparticles to improve the growth performance and health of fish, increase the performance of the fish immune system, and resistance to diseases has expanded. The aim of this study was the investigation of the use of anotechnology in aquaculture and effect of it on fish species health, the use of them in nanocarrieres, nanovaccine, nanosensores, etc. According to the increasing trend of studies in the field of nanotechnology, we can hope to provide other new methods in the field of health management of fish farms and prevent damages caused by the occurrence of diseases in the aquaculture industry. 29 37 2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/142022/12/7 1401/9/16 2023/03/12023/03/12023/03/12023/03/1 1401/12/10 F. Bagherzadeh Lakani F. Bagherzadeh Lakani International Sturgeon Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Guilan, Iran. PO Box: 3464–41635. f.bagherzadeh.l@gmail.com Nanoparticle Fish Disease Nanovaccine Nanosensors Drug delivery ## ##

Common clinical signs of fish diseases- Quick reference tool for laboratory animal research veterinarians 2 2 There is a wide range of clinical signs of disease in aquatic animals, unfortunately not many of them pathognomonic. Presented in this short review are examples of the clinical signs associated with selection of pathologies related to most common infectious and non-infectious noxic agents. Discussed information is aimed at veterinarians and paraveterinarians that are involved in aquatic laboratory animal care and use, with examples of clinical observation score sheets to be used in evaluation of clinical condition of aquatic animals used in institutionally approved disease experiments during which animals are expected to develop pathologies related to experimental challenges. 39 52 2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/142022/12/72023/01/17 1401/10/27 2023/03/12023/03/12023/03/12023/03/12023/03/1 1401/12/10 D. Palić D. Palić Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Kaulbachstr. 37, 80539 Munich, Germany Clinical disease Aquatic animals Laboratory animal experiments Score sheet ## ##

The stability of Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) against streptococcal infection in tilapia aquaculture environment for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic agents 2 2 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) can be used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for streptococcal infection in tilapia. This study explores the stability of IgY against water salinity and pH, temperature, and the presence of protease, which all stimulate the conditions of the digestive tract of tilapia. It was found that water salinity and pH levels of 0, 15, and 30 ppt as well as 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5 respectively, with an incubation period of six days, and temperatures of 25, 45, and 60°C for 60 minutes did not affect the molecular weight of IgY and resulted in positive ELISA test results. Extreme conditions at 80°C and incubation with the pepsin showed negative results in the ELISA test starting at minute 40. However, from its incubation at 80°C, IgY did not show any change in its molecular weight, as shown in the SDS PAGE gel. Trypsin also did not affect the molecular weight characteristics of IgY and showed a positive result in the ELISA test. However, IgY could not be detected after its treatment with pepsin. Based on this study, it can be concluded that IgY could lose its biological function due to heating to 80°C and exposure to pepsin. However, IgY is resistant to trypsin, water salinity, and pH levels in tilapia aquaculture. 53 71 2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/142022/12/72023/01/172023/05/14 1402/2/24 2023/03/12023/03/12023/03/12023/03/12023/03/12021/07/10 1400/4/19 R. Rizkiantino R. Rizkiantino Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Bogor, Indonesia F.H. Pasaribu F.H. Pasaribu Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Bogor, Indonesia R.D. Soejoedono R.D. Soejoedono Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Bogor, Indonesia W. Arnafia W. Arnafia Divison of Research and Development, Tekad Mandiri Citra, Co., Bandung, Indonesia D. Reisinta D. Reisinta Divison of Research and Development, Tekad Mandiri Citra, Co., Bandung, Indonesia I.W.T. Wibawan I.W.T. Wibawan Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Bogor, Indonesia Aquaculture Biological stability Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) streptococcal infection Tilapia ## ##