eng 4 International Journal of Veterinary Research 2821-1650 2821-1650 2023-07 3 2 1 8 article S. Zinnurine saidazinnurine@gmail.com 1 E.R. Sarkar eti.rsarkar@gmail.com 2 S. Sikder suchandan@cvasu.ac.bd 3 Department of Medicine & Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh-4225 Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science and Technology Chittagong Department of Medicine & Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University We aimed to investigate the efficacy of current practice of rabies vaccination in dogs of Bangladesh. Pet dogs (n=20) visited Teaching Veterinary Hospital of Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University were injected with commercially available monovalent or polyvalent vaccines containing inactivated adjuvanted rabies virus. Group of dogs were administered with single dose of monovalent (n=5) or polyvalent (n=5) rabies vaccine. Separate group of animals were injected with a second dose (monovalent n=5, polyvalent n=5) 14-days after the primary injection. Blood samples were collected at day-28 after the initial injection. Baseline sera were collected before starting injections. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed with sera samples to detect anti-rabies IgG. We were unable to detect any anti-rabies IgG titer in the dogs vaccinated with either monovalent or polyvalent vaccines irrespective of frequency of vaccination. The results indicate that the current commercial rabies vaccines are doubtful in generating protective antibody titer in dogs of this area. The results predict public health risk and demand for extensive investigation of vaccine quality and transportation. http://injvr.com/article-1-47-en.pdf Rabies Vaccination Dog ELISA IgG eng 4 International Journal of Veterinary Research 2821-1650 2821-1650 2023-07 3 2 9 19 article A.M. Al-Musawi 1 S.M. Kareem 2 H. Alseady 3 T.A.H. AL-Rubeaye 4 S.S.H. Alshkarchy 5 Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon. Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon. Babylon Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon, Iraq. Technical animal production department, AL-Mussaib technical college, AL-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon. The current study's objective was to use molecular technique to detect the parasite in samples taken from human and rats in Babylon province. A total of 100 stool samples from human and 40 fecal samples from rats were collected during the beginning of July 2021 to the end of October and analysed by molecular methods. Molecular description of H. diminuta was achieved by gene sequence of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1). The PCR confirmed the identification of the parasite by electrophoresis as well as DNA sequencing. The result showed that the infection rate in human was (5/100) 5%, while in rats was (11/40) 27.50%, DNA sequencing detected 5 positive samples of human were H. diminuta and 5 positive samples from rats were H. diminuta. We conclude from the present results that H. diminuta is similar in both human and rats, and thus it is a source of infection for human. We recommended to detect H. diminuta in other rodents as source of zoonotic infection.   http://injvr.com/article-1-48-en.pdf Hymenolepis diminuta PCR Human Rats ITS1 Sequence analysis eng 4 International Journal of Veterinary Research 2821-1650 2821-1650 2023-07 3 2 21 37 article M.H. AL-Saeed muna.mahmood@uobasrah.edu.iq 1 S.F. Kasim sumayah.faruq@mtu.edu.iq 2 D.I. Atiyah duha.ibraheem@almaaqal.edu.iq 3 Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah College of Health and Medical Techniques, Middle Technical University College of Pharmacy, almaaqal university Background: Dietary modification is a frequent strategy used in scientific investigations to replicate circumstances related with insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.   Objective: This research intended to find out how a high-fructose diet affected glycemic control, antioxidant status, as well as immunological function in male rats. Materials and methods: A group of twenty-four male adult rats was divided at random to four even groups, each composed of six animals. The groupings were categorized as the following: The Negative Control Group comprised rats that received a standard saline. Rats in the Positive Control Group were given solution of a high-fructose (60%) in their drinking water. The rats in the third group received 30 (mg/kg) of acarbose via oral administration. The rats in the fourth group were given 15 mg/kg of metformin orally. Blood samples were taken at the end of the month-long trial to analyze a diverse factors associated with glycemic control and antioxidant status. Results: The results revealed a rise in the glycemic index, Characterized by raised levels of insulin and glucose in the high-fructose treatment group as compared to the control group. However, acarbose treatment has resulted in significant enhancements in glucose regulation, antioxidant status. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the hyperglycemic effects of fructose and implies that the oral administration of acarbose may serve as a significant intervention to alleviate these effects. http://injvr.com/article-1-49-en.pdf Acarbose Diabetic Rat Fructose Glycemic index eng 4 International Journal of Veterinary Research 2821-1650 2821-1650 2023-07 3 2 39 44 article H. Kohsari 1 Department of Veterinary, Agriculture Faculty, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. Producing high-quality eggs is one of the aspects of rainbow trout breeding. Diets used vary among rainbow trout breeders and are usually not designed to optimize egg production. Although, the reduction of feeding is important due to the reduction of costs of production. The aim of the recent study was to investigate the effect of moderate food restriction on the reproductive performance of female rainbow trout. For this purpose, two feeding strategies were compared during the four months before the second reproduction. Females in the control group were fed ad libitum with a commercial trout diet. In the experimental group, females were fed 75% of ad libitum (restricted feeding). An artificial photoperiod program was carried out in summer to trigger reproduction. At the end of the experiment, the weight of the females in the restricted feeding group was lower than females in the ad libitum group (p=0.04) whereas gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hatching rate of eggs in the females in the restricted feeding group was significantly higher than females in the ad libitum group. Females in the restricted feeding group produced larger eggs than females in the ad libitum group. They produced a lower number of non-viable eggs compared to the females in the ad libitum group too. The results of the study showed that feed intake of female rainbow trout broodstock can be reduced by up to 25% without having a negative effect on egg production and quality.   http://injvr.com/article-1-51-en.pdf Food restriction Reproductive performance Rainbow trout per 4 International Journal of Veterinary Research 2821-1650 2821-1650 2023-07 3 2 45 53 article S.M. Al-janabi 1 Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al ̵ Qasim Green University, Iraq. The present work was designed to investigate the anatomical and histological structure of the kidney in adult Hoopoe Iraqi bird ten birds from the local breed of Babel market for the sale of birds used for the anatomical and histological study of kidney.study recorded the mean weight of bird (79.71±0.05gm), the mean weight of left kidneys (6.88±0.055gm) and right kidneys (5.14±0.03gm) and The mean length of body birds(26.5±0.03cm) and the mean length the left kidney (2.98±0.05cm) and right kidneys about (2.1±0.033cm) and mean thickness of Right cranial, middle. Caudle lobe is (0.33±0.033, 0.4±0.037, 0.54±0.02) while the mean thickness of left carinal, middle. The caudle lobe is (0.49±0.01, 0.58±0.03, 0.7±0.05) The anatomical results appeared flattened and located in retro-peritoneal organs embedded in the ventral surface of the synsacrum bone. The color of the kidney varies from brownish red to dark red and the semi rounded cranial lobe with elongated somewhat middle division and the expanded irregularly shaped and the histological result of kidneys capsule fine thickness with measure thickness is (1.34±2.45 um) at 4X power magnification composed of fine collagen and reticular fibers. and no any demarcation between the cortex and medulla the cortex which occupied by large part of tube has two types of glomerulis the mammalian and reptilian type the vein appears more development in kidneys. The PCT appeared lined by tall cuboidal epithelial cell while the DCT lined by low cuboidal epithelia cells. The collecting tubule lined by one layer of pale cells with cuboidal to low columnar shape while collecting lined by simple cuboidal in smallest collecting ducts then appeared lined by simple columnar duct appear elongated and surrounded by epithelia cell located in medulla.   http://injvr.com/article-1-52-en.pdf Hoopoe Bird Upupa epops Kidneys Reptilian type eng 4 International Journal of Veterinary Research 2821-1650 2821-1650 2023-07 3 2 55 106 article H.A. Himu afrozhomaira661@gmail.com 1 A. Raihan asifraihan666@gmail.com 2 University of Rajshahi Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Poultry farming is widely recognized as a highly efficient technique of animal husbandry, contributing significantly to the nutritional security of a substantial portion of the global population. The application of contemporary intensive farming methods has facilitated a notable increase in global production, which has reached a substantial quantity of 137.8 million tons in the year 2021. This upward trajectory has been consistently observed over successive years. However, these aggressive growth tactics result in a substantial environmental impact. The appropriate management of waste items, such as poultry litter and manure, is crucial due to their potential to significantly impact both environmental and human health. The emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide, and methane are associated with poultry production and the disposal of its waste by-products. These emissions have significant implications for global greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the well-being of both animals and humans. Litter and manure have the potential to harbor pesticide residues, microbes, pathogens, pharmaceuticals (specifically antibiotics), hormones, metals, macronutrients (in imbalanced proportions), and other contaminants. These substances can contribute to the contamination of air, soil, and water, as well as the emergence of antimicrobial and multidrug-resistant strains of pathogens. The emission of dust from intensive poultry farming operations is comprised of various components, including feather and skin parts, feces, feed particles, germs, and other pollutants. These constituents have the potential to negatively affect the health of poultry, farm employees, and anyone residing in close proximity to these activities. The presence of noxious odors can pose a significant health concern for both workers and the surrounding population. This study examines the existing literature about the effects of intensive poultry production on both the environment and human health. Additionally, it explores potential strategies and approaches for achieving a sustainable future in this domain. http://injvr.com/article-1-50-en.pdf Poultry Environment Health Sustainability