en عمومى General كاربردي Applicable <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:97%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="TR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:97%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry has become a major One Health challenge, threatening global food safety, poultry production, international trade, and public health. Intensive poultry production systems, combined with inappropriate and excessive antimicrobial use, have accelerated the selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants, primarily through mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, integrons, and transposons. Zoonotic non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS) serovars, including <i>S. Enteritidis</i>, <i>S. Typhimurium</i>, <i>S. Infantis</i>, and <i>S.</i> <i>Kentucky</i>, are among the leading causes of foodborne infections worldwide, frequently contaminating poultry meat and eggs. In contrast, poultry-adapted serovars such as <i>S</i>. <i>Gallinarum</i> and <i>S. Pullorum</i> are rarely zoonotic but remain responsible for substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. The emergence of MDR strains, particularly those resistant to critically important antimicrobials such as fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins, has further complicated disease treatment and control. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and control strategies for both zoonotic and poultry-adapted <i>Salmonella</i>, while highlighting critical gaps in global surveillance and resistance monitoring. Preventive measures, including strengthened farm biosecurity, antimicrobial stewardship, vaccination, routine surveillance, and integrated occupational health and hygiene programs, are essential to reduce pathogen transmission across the food chain. A coordinated One Health approach, supported by genomic surveillance and evidence-based policy interventions, is crucial for controlling MDR <i>Salmonella</i>, protecting public health, and ensuring sustainable poultry production.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span> Multidrug-resistant Salmonella, Poultry, One Health, Antimicrobial resistance, Food safety, Genomic surveillance 59 79 http://injvr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-84-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 N. Rangsaz n.rangsaz@gmail.com 10031947532846001640 10031947532846001640 No Veterinary Laboratory Officer, Dorrin Veterinary Hospital, Member of Young Researchers Club, Department of Veterinary, Shk.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran, M. Gholami-Ahangaran mgholami6@gmail.com 10031947532846001641 10031947532846001641 Yes Department of Veterinary, Shk.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran N. Mohseni Abbasabadi n.mohseni123@yahoo.com 10031947532846001642 10031947532846001642 No Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Research and Development Manager, Dorsa Darou Pharmaceutical Company